Contents
Optimizing the structure of export products in China, can not only improve China’s position in the global production chain, and enhance its competitiveness in high-end industries with low energy intensity, but is also conducive to global energy reservation and emission reduction. Embodied energy is the total direct and indirect energy consumption required for the production of goods and services . In recent decades, research on embodied energy using input-output analysis has been developed in a spurt with the continuous improvement of input-output technology, along with the growing enrichment of energy statistics in various countries and different input-output databases. “Complex network analysis” is also commonly used in embodied energy research (An et al., 2015; Chen and Chen, 2015; Yang et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Tang et al., 2019). The domestic value added and energy embodied in each sector’s gross exports are shown in Figure 7. As for DVA based on the forward linkage measure, the top three sectors were S.18 , S.16 , and S.10 ; S.10, S.04 , and S.16 were the top three sectors based on the backward linkage measure.
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Methodology and Data
The DEU proportion of China’s gross energy use showed the same trends as the economic results throughout the study period, peaking in 2006 at 40% and stabilizing in 2013 and 2014 at approximately 26%. The proportion of DEU each year was slightly higher than the corresponding DVA proportion, implying that China’s exports are more domestic energy-intensive than its domestic consumed products. This study inf8 coin to usd presents a detailed analysis of the energy embodied in China’s exports at the country aggregate, bilateral country, sector aggregate, and sector-country levels in terms of the gross value, trade patterns, energy sources, and domestic energy destinations. The export embodied domestic energy intensity is calculated to show the energy cost required to create a unit domestic value added through exports.
Based on this measure, the EMDEI of S.14 was much higher than the value of other sectors, and the value in 2014 was approximately 230 kJ/dollar, equivalent to 40% of the value in 2000. The EMDEI of S.08 (manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products) ranked second, declining from 102 kJ/dollar in 2000 to 40 kJ/dollar in 2014, and different from the tortuous downward trend of other sectors, the value of this sector smoothly ascended to the peak in 2004 to later decline. The EMDEIs of S.09 and S.07 ranked third and fourth, respectively, and that of S.06 stably ranked fifth after 2005. In 2014, except for the top five sectors, S.13 had the highest value, followed by S.02 , S.04 , and S.05 . The domestic source generally dominated each sector’s GEEX, followed by the energy from the third-party, and the share of energy from the direct importer was the least.
The GEEX sources of export to the importers are shown in Figure 5, and three types of energy sources were analyzed in this study, including domestic energy, energy from the direct importer, and energy from the third-party . Domestic energy supplied the vast majority of export energy demand, over 87% as calculated, and foreign sources were mainly from a third-party, with a small part also from direct importers themselves. The source mix varied for different importers; the DEU share of exports to the United States was the lowest, whereas the share of exports to Korea was higher than the share of exports to other economies. The DEU share of exports to India ranked third in 2000 and 2005 and was replaced by Mexico in 2010 and 2014.
Marketing Channels
Is the domestic value added in intermediate exports and returns home via intermediate imports. Final destination of embodied domestic energy in China’s export to each importer; graphs are provided for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. RDV_INT is the domestic value added in intermediate exports and returns home via intermediate imports. Vena, our smart new broadcast network is set to transform your business by intelligently connecting your media supply chain. From contribution to distribution, Vena gives you the control and visibility, unrivalled availability and 24/7 access, all making it quicker and easier to manage, produce and distribute your content. The concept of a value chain has assumed a dominant position in the strategic analysis of industries.
The embodied energy is exported to developed economies mainly through final goods, and to developing economies mainly through intermediates. Russia is a special case because China’s exports to Russia are mainly concentrated in the fields of clothing, instruments, mechanical and electrical transport equipment, raw materials, chemical products, and agricultural products; these are mainly final goods. Compared with China’s exports to other importers, China’s export structure to South Korea is more in favor of energy-intensive intermediates. The exports to Korea are mainly concentrated in low-end mechanical and electrical products, base metals, and chemical products, and the export structures can be further improved. The embodied domestic energy intensities of China’s intermediate exports differ significantly among importers, whereas the energy intensities of the final exports differ slightly, which is due to the greater difference in the importer distribution of China’s intermediate exports. Therefore, the international trade between China and emerging markets needs to be emphasized and embodied flows of fossil fuel energy and carbon emissions in these trades may be an increasingly important factor of global emission reduction.
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For instance, the source sector structures in both cases were similar; although the backward sector mix was similar in 2014, it differed widely in 2000. S.18 accounted for a significant share of the gross embodied energy flows from China to EU28 as a backward sector, sourcing from S.14 and S.18 itself, while the embodied energy of China’s exports to the United States seldom flows through S.18 directly. Furthermore, there were some energy flows exported to EU28 through S.15 and S.16 despite a decrease in the share in 2014, whereas in the case of United States, there was no direct export through these two sectors.
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- Others are more limited, involving only a few locations in different parts of the world.
- For instance, the GEEX of S.13 was mainly absorbed by the United States and EU28, while the ROW was China’s largest importer in 2000.
- As a stage achievement, this article makes a detailed analysis of the embodied energy flows of China’s exports.
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However, the value chain is underpinned by a particular value creating logic and its application results in particular strategic postures. Adopting a network perspective provides an alternative perspective that is more suited to New Economy organisations, particularly for those where both the product and supply and demand chain is digitized. This paper introduces the value network concept and illuminates on its value creating logic. To illustrate its application, the provision of mobile services and content is explored to identify potential strategic implications for mobile operators. The transition to a circular economy can only be achieved if businesses are prepared to engage and collaborate with competitors in the form of ‘value networks’ which will help scale-up ideas and bring more sustainable products to market. We’ve combined our expertise in access services with our translation and transcreation skills to provide unrivalled foreign language audio descriptions for international hard of hearing or deaf audiences.
Content Value Network CVNToken Markets
This distribution channel is what companies use to supply their products to their customers. Most companies are willing to invest significant amounts of resources to set up functioning marketing channels. The primary purpose of value networks comes in the form of creating partnership and value during the supply chain process. Namely, a value network creates those values during production, purchasing, and selling of products. And of course, the primary goal of value networks is to achieve an increase in productivity, and as a result of that, increased revenue and a decrease in costs.
Most companies have a similar method of functioning when it comes to the supply chain. They start off by getting raw materials, they use their resources to turn the materials into products, and lastly, they distribute those products to their consumers. But in order to develop a partnership with their stakeholders, companies will have to learn to adapt. Namely, they will have to transform the supply chain as it is into a value network.
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Analysis at the sector level can provide further information about the energy flows embodied in China’s exports according to sector heterogeneity. In this study, we have segregated the decomposition results based on equations and according to 18 sectors, and the results at the sector aggregate level are presented in this section. As mentioned in the previous section, the analysis at the sector level shows a distinction between the forward and backward linkage measures.
Another difference is the trade pattern of S.10 , the export pattern of S.10 was represented by a 50/50 split between the final and intermediate exports in 2014. Additionally, the share of intermediate exports in 2014 increased evidently compared with the share in 2000, which is inconsistent with the evolution of the export trade pattern distribution of China’s total exports to EU28. However, in the case of exports to the United States, the evolution of the export trade pattern of S.10 was consistent with the trend of China’s total exports to the United States, showing the trend of an increase in the intermediate export exports. The results at the country aggregate and bilateral country levels are presented in the previous subsections, along with the results obtained at the sector aggregate level. Figure 12 shows the energy flows embodied in China’s export at the sector-country level in 2000 and 2014. In each chord diagram, the nodes in the upper half (proceeding clockwise from “S.01” to “S.18”) represent the DEU in each sector’s export , and “Foreign energy” represents the foreign energy embodied in China’s export; these nodes are source nodes, representing the energy sources of China’s GEEX .
The share of the energy embodied in the final exports increased obviously, whereas that of the intermediate exports decreased. As for the final destination, the share of the domestic energy that was absorbed by the EU28 decreased evidently, and the shares that returned home and was finally absorbed by the third-party both increased. Comparing the results of exports to the United States for the year with that of 2000 , the overall size of the embodied energy flows increased by a factor of 1.5, whereas the share of domestic sources decreased slightly and the share of third-party sources increased. The top five source sectors were S.14 , S.07 , S.09 , S.08 (manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products), and S.02 in 2000, while changed slightly to S.14, S.09, S.07, S.02, and S.08 in 2014.
Our TV translation team takes the culture, beliefs and local customs of your target audience into account, ensuring that your final product is both accurately translated and appropriate for your viewers. We understand how to translate video audio to help you edit foreign language video content. Our video translators can work alongside your editor or translate your raw footage to improve your edit and speed up the post-production process. Value network analysis can be applied in relation to Starbucks operations in the UK in order to “explore the structure of its interaction with several actors in a network of relationships” (Zsidisin and Ritchie, 2008, p.40). In simple terms, value network analysis can be specified as more sophisticated version of Porter’s Value Chain analysis in a way that the former framework explains the impact of each network group in a multidirectional manner.